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Butterworth (also known as ''Gcuwa'') is a town in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Butterworth has a population of 287,780 and is situated on the N2 national highway 111km north of East London.〔(''Butterworth'', Travelblog ) p.1 - 2〕〔Tony Pinchuck, Barbara McCrea & Donald Reid, ''Rough guide to South Africa, Lesotho & Swaziland'', Edition 3, Rough Guides, 2002. p. 425〕 == History == The area around Butterworth was populated by Khoi San people, however they were gradually absorbed into the Xhosa people who arrived from further North through means of force. Butterworth was first established as a Wesleyan mission station in 1827 north of the Great Kei River in British Kaffraria.〔(British Kaffraria, map. )〕 It was named after Joseph Butterworth. The mission station and white settlement of Butterworth was burnt down 3 times during the Cape Frontier Wars.〔 Nonetheless, it is one of the oldest white settlement in Eastern Cape. When the British seized the Cape of Good Hope, many of the Boers trekked north to found their own republics. The discovery of diamonds (1867) and gold (1886) in South Africa spurred wealth and immigration and intensified the subjugation of the native inhabitants. The town was close to the seat of Hintsa ka Khawuta, chief of the Gcaleka people of the Xhosa tribe. It was then, of great strategic importance. Around that time, a young girl, Nongqawuse, had a vision that her forebears would help the Xhosa drive the English out. The disastrous result weakened the Xhosa. The Ninth Frontier War spelled the end of the Xhosa and the Transkei area was incorporated into the Cape Colony. But it was never quiet. There were raids between settlers and Xhosa, and turf wars between different Xhosa groups. Missions were established here and there to try to bring Christianity to the local people, with limited success.〔Jeffrey B. Peires, ''The dead will arise'', Indiana University Press, 1989. pp 141 -159〕 This is where historiographer and travel journalist (Vuyo Bengu Makasi ) comes from. It is also the birthplace of Marmaduke Pattle, the highest scoring RAF ace of World War 2. At the end of the Frontier Wars in 1878, traders began to settle here and the town has grown to become a small industrial centre. Butterworth became a municipality of the Cape Colony in 1904. The town was incorporated into the former Transkei bantustan during the apartheid years. It is one of the fastest growing towns in terms of the economy and the population.〔Hazel Crampton, ''The Sunburnt Queen'', Jacana Media, 2004. pp 60 - 63〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Butterworth, Eastern Cape」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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